Iranian Pattern of Progress

The position of identity arising from the Islamic Revolution with emphasis on the Islamic model of the leadership of Imam Khomeini

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Ruhollah Alizadeh 1
Ali Salehi Farsani 2
Mostafa pendashteh pur 3

1 PhD student in Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, Semnan, Iran (first author)

2 Department of political science, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, Semnan, Iran (Third Author)

Abstract
Before the Islamic Revolution, the Pahlavi government, relying on quasi-modernist policies, caused social, economic, and cultural dissatisfaction among different segments of Iranian society. These policies alienated people from the ruling institutions and increased feelings of hopelessness; conditions that paved the way for the acceptance of a new savior discourse. In this context, Imam Khomeini, relying on religious and traditional ideas and at the same time with a modern perspective, was able to create new identities and pave the way for the Islamic Revolution. From this perspective, the present article, using a descriptive-analytical method and a qualitative approach, seeks to answer the main question of what were the identity-building grounds of Imam Khomeini's modernist ideas in the occurrence and consolidation of the Islamic Revolution? The results of the research will show that under the influence of Imam Khomeini's modernist intellectual system: First, the resistance identity was formed among the Iranian people in response to the modernist policies of the Pahlavis; an identity that resisted the dominant ideology. Second, due to the popularity and spread of tradition and religion in Iran, Islamic identity during the reign of Shah was determined as a programmatic identity in opposition to the Pahlavi regime. Finally, it is shown that Imam Khomeini was able to draw a legitimizing identity for the Islamic Republic by relying on the Islamic model based on the connection between religion, people, and political structure and by bringing the government closer to the people, he acted to consolidate the Islamic Revolution of Iran.

Keywords

Islamic identity
Islamic-Iranian model of progress
the thought of Imam Khomeini
Islamic Revolution
منابع
فارسی
آقاجانی، یاسر و عباس تبار، رحمت (1400)، بررسی هویت سیاسی و فرهنگی جوانان دهه های اول و چهارم انقلاب اسلامی ایران (مطالعه ی موردی: شهرستان بابلسر(، جامعه شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی، شماره 17.
حاتمی، عباس (1398)، تحلیل تطبیقی شیوههای تأمین منابع مالی القاعده و داعش:  رهیافتی در اقتصاد سیاسی تروریسم، دوفصلنامه مطالعات اقتصاد سیاسی بینالملل، دوره دوم، شماره 2.
حسینیان، روح الله (1383)، چهارده سال رقابت ایدئولوژیک شیعه در ایران(1343-1356)، تهران: مرکز اسناد انقلاب اسلامی.
خمینی، روح الله (1387)، ولایت فقیه: حکومت اسلامی، تهران: دفتر حفظ و نشر آثار امام خمینی(ره)، چاپ سیزدهم. 
صادق نیا، مهراب(1397)، انقلاب اسلامی و هویت پایداری، اندیشه سیاسی در اسلام، شماره 15.
ضابط پور کاری، غلامرضا و علویان، مرتضی (1400)، واکاوی نسبت میان انقلاب اسلامی با جمهوری اسلامی، سیاست متعالیه، شماره 33.
علویان، مرتضی و ابراهیمی، علی (1403)، وابستگی به مسیر و نقش ایدئولوژی عمیق در جدال میان دولت و جامعه بر وقوع انقلاب اسلامی، دانش سیاسی، شماره 40.
قهرمانی نژاد شایق، بهاءالدین و بلباسی، میثم (1396)، انقلاب اسلامی به مثابۀ هویت جدید در عصر غلبه غرب و شرق، پژوهش های انقلاب اسلامی، شماره 20.
انگلیسی
1.    Abrahamian, Ervand (2008), a history of modern Iran, Cambridge University Press, New York.
2.    Afkhami, Gholam R. (1985), The Iranian Revolution: Thanatos on a National Sca/e, Washington DC: The Middle East Institute.
3.    Amuzegar, Jahangir (1991), The Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution, New York: The State University of New York Press.
4.    Arjomand, Said Amir (1986), Iran's Islamic Revolution in Comparative Perspective, World Politics, Vol. 38, No. 3.
5.    Bashiriyeh, Hossein (1982), The State and Revolution in Iran 1962-1982, New York: St. Martin's Press.
6.    Benard, Cherly and Khalilzad, Zalmay (1984), The Government of God, Iran's Islamic Republic,New York: Columbia University Press.
7.    Calabrese, Andrew (1999), The information age according to Manuel Castells, International communication association, Volume 49, Issue 3.
8.    Castells, Manuel (2000), Globalisation, Identity and the State, Social Dynamics 26:1.
9.    Castells, Manuel (2010 a), Globalisation and Identity, Quaderns de la Mediterrània 14, Available: https://www.iemed.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Globalisation-and-Identity.pdf
10.Castells, Manuel (2010 b), The Power of Identity, Second edition With a new preface, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
11.Eisenstadt, Michael (2011), Iran's Islamic Revolution: Lessons for the Arab Spring of 2011?, Strategic Forum National Defense University.
12.Fanani, Ahmad Fuad (2012), The Export of Islamic Revolution in Iran and Its Threat for the US, the Soviet Union, and Arab Countries,  JurnalAfkaruna, vol. 8, no. 1.
13.Foran, John (1993), Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation in Iran from 1500 to the Revolution. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
14.Goldstone, Jack (2009), "Rethinking Revolution: Integrating Origins, Processes, and Outcomes", CSSAAME, vol, 29, no. 1.
15.Goldstone, Jack A. (2001). toward a fourth generation of revolutionary theory. Annual Review of Political Science, Vol 4.
16.Goldstone, Jack et al (2022), Handbook of Revolutions in the 21st Century: The New Waves of Revolutions, and the Causes and Effects of Disruptive Political Change, Springer International Publishing.
17.Haghighat, Seyed Sadegh (2000), Six theories about the islamic revolution's victory, Alhoda UK, The centre for cultural and International studies.
18.Hooglund, Eric (1981), Dictatorship and Development Fred Halliday, Iranian Studies, International Society of Iranian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1/2.
19.Hooglund, Eric (1986), Social Origins of the Revolutionary C/ergy, Syracuse University Press.
20.Jones, Stephen et al (2009), The Islamic Republic of Iran: An introduction, RESEARCH PAPER 09/92.
21.Kamali, Masoud (1997), The modern revolutions of Iran: Civil society and state in the modernization process, Citizenship Studies, 1:2.
22.Katouzian, Homa (2009), The Iranian Revolution of February 1979, in The Iranian Revolution at 30, The Middle East Institute Viewpoints.
23.Katouzian, M. A. (1978) Oil versus agriculture a case of dual resource depletion in Iran, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 5:3.
24.Mackey, Sandra (1998), The Iranians, New York: PenguiıtGroup.
25.Milani, Mohsen M. (1988), The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic, London: Westview Press.
26.Moaddel, Mansoor (1993), Class, Politics, and Ideolosy in the Iranian Revolution, New York: Columbia University Press.
27.Mottahedeh, Roy (1985), The Mantle of The Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran, New York: Simon and Schuster.
28.Ramazani, K. (2004), Ideology and Pragmatism in Iran's Foreign Policy, Middle East Journal, Vol. 58, No. 4.
29.Salehi, M.M.(1988), Insurgency Througn Culture and Religion, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, New York, London: Praeger.
30.Shadmehr, Mehdi (2012), Ideology and the Iranian Revolution, available: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1999826
31.Sharma, Priya raj and aravind, aju (2014),Depiction of islamic revolution of 1979 in marjanesatrapp's, International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, Vol. 2, Issue 1.
32.Skocpol, Theda (1982), Rentier State and Shi'a Islam in the Iranian Revolution, Theory and Society, Vol. 11, No. 3.
33.Skospol, Theda (1994), Social Revolutions in the Modern World, New York: Cambridge University Press.
34.Stets, jan and Serpe, Richard T (2013), Identity Theory, available: file:///C:/Users/DELL/Desktop/IdentityTheory2013.pdf
35.Watson, Sophie (1997), Information, urbanism and identity: perspectives on the current work of Manuel Castells, City, 2:7.
36.Zabih, Sepehr (1979), Iran's RevotutionaryUpheavat, San Francisco: Alchemy Books.

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

contact