Political modernity at the micro and macro levels is a process that involves the formation of autonomous agency and institutions such as the nation-state and civil society. In Iran, achieving this type of modernity and its extent of realization has always been a matter of controversy, because this process is shaped in each society depending on its unique historical histories and cultural contexts. In Iran, political modernity, based on historical experiences and exposure to national and international factors, is generally not aligned with Western examples, and as a result, a specific and multiple type of modernity has emerged. Political development in Iran has always faced challenges and harms. One of the most important problems is the misconception of the relationship between political development and modern politics, which has led to internal conflicts and negative socialization. The lack of a proper understanding of the functions and goals of these two areas has led reformists and policymakers to accuse each other of ignoring common interests at times, and these differences have had a negative impact on the development process. Recognizing the roots of these pests and striving for constructive interaction between political institutions and society can reduce unwanted costs in the political arena and strengthen the atmosphere of convergence and development. Finally, accepting the multiplicity of the process of political modernity in Iran helps to better understand cultural, historical, and national factors and provides effective solutions to repair existing gaps.